Investigation into the Factors that Affect the Enthalpy Change During a

Investigation into the Factors that Affect the Enthalpy Change During a Displacement reception The Task -------- To investigate the factors affecting the enthalpy miscellany during a displacement reaction. Background Knowledge ==================== In this investigation a displacement reaction leave be observed. A displacement reaction occurs when more activated metal displaces, (or removes) a less activated metal from a solution of its salt. Also know as chemical bullying because a more reactive metal effectively bullies the original metal out of its compound. In this investigation zinc and bruiser sulphate will be reacted together. atomic number 30 is the more reactive metal here, so the copper is displaced from the copper sulphate solution. Zinc + Copper sulphate Zinc sulphate + Copper Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) After the reaction it will be observed that the solution will change from blue to clear, colourless. The copper c arry out will be observed as a salmon pink deposit in the base of the vessel the reaction occurs in. Reactions like this can be used to cat metals that are low down in the reactivity series. A more reactive metal can simply be added to purify the less reactive metal, leaving it in its pure state. Lead Oxide + Tin Lead + Tin Oxide In reality thought this process is hardly of all time used, as the more reactive metal is the left in an impure form, and thus must be reduced by an even more reactive metal. As this is not economically viable metals are generally reduced using electrolysis, which leaves them in a pure state, and requires no expensive more reactive metals, just... ...pacity of the solution (assume this equals 4.2 J/g/degrees Celsius), /T = temperature change (estimated from extrapolation). The results here show the heat energy in each reaction. To calculate the enthalpy change one must account for the respective moles involved in each rea ction. To equal out the number of moles simply multiply the results by the respective amounts ask to make them all amounts of Joules/1 mole. When this calculation is performed on all the heat energy results enthalpy change can be compared. In an accurate audition the enthalpy change when copper sulphate solution is reacted with zinc powder should remain constant. By taking into account the number of moles in each equation when multiplying the results will be brought into proportion, so the enthalpy changes should be roughly equal.

Hitler - A Great Leader :: essays research papers

In my opinion, being a good leader firstly he should be able to take full advantage of good circumstance, able to rule the country under a chaotic situation. Besides he made attractive promises to gain popular support, skilled in apply of propaganda, amoral. Moreover he should have the organizational ability and has the ambition to make his country powerful in the world. In addition, he could use his words to thingamajig and manipulate the minds of people into believing that what he was saying. Using this power, he could get people to do anything for him, which prove his amorality. He should be skillful in pay out successful policy to bring the country to economic prospect, since economy is very important to a country.I think Adolf Hitler is the one. Adolf Hitler was one of the 20th cytosines most powerful dictators. He was responsible for World War II and the death of millions. Hitler saw a nation in despair and utilise this as an opportunity to gain political power. He saw a nation of unemployed and hungry citizens and promised them economic prosperity in return for dictatorial power. Someone once said The Nazis rose to power on the empty stomachs of the German people. Although he did not live a very tenacious life, during his time he caused such a great deal of death and destruction that his actions still have an effect on the world nearly 50 years later. I am sure that he is a great leader.Adolf Hitler joined a small political party in 1919 and rose to leaders through his emotional and captivating speeches. He encouraged national pride, militarism, and a commitment to the Volk and a racially "pure" Germany. Hitler condemned the Jews, exploiting anti-Semitic feelings that had prevailed in Europe for centuries. He changed the name of the party to the National Socialist German Workers Party, called for short, the Nazi Party. By the end of 1920, the Nazi Party had about 3,000 members. A year later Hitler became its ex officio leader Fhrer. Fro m this, we can see his potential of being a leader and his development in his propaganda. In about 1923 Adolf Hitlers attempt at an build up overthrow of local authorities in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch, failed miserably. Hitler, were subsequently jailed and charged with high treason. However, Hitler used the courtroom at his earth trial as a propaganda platform, ranting for hours against the Weimar government.

Jack In The First Five Chapters :: essays research papers

At the start of the novel, there has been an atomic explosion, and the children have been evacuated in an aircraft with a detachable passenger tube. The aircraft has been attacked and released the tube while flying over tropical seas. The tube has crash landed in the jungle of a tropical island, and the sheet has flown off in flames. This is the point when the novel starts. There are four main characters in the book Ralph, Piggy, Jack and Simon. Simon is part of the choir, which is led by Jack, but Ralph and Piggy are not members of the choir, and are in no way related. There are no adults "There arent any grown ups" (P.43)Ralph has engraft a "conch" (P.21), and has used it to call all the boys on the island together. This is where Jack is introduced into "Lord of the Flies""Something dark was fumbling along" (P.26). This refers to the choir walking along the shore in the distance. This use of language shows us that the choir is dark, evil, and sinister, and immediately Golding tells us that this group will not be a "good" force on the island. The choir are a militaristic group "marching approximatelywith a hambone frill" (P.26). This shows us that their draw is in total control of the group. This leader is Jack "The boy who controlled themhis cap badge was golden" (P.26) This shows the authority and status that Jack has over the choir. When the choir reach the platform, Jack shows off "swaying in the vehement lighthis cloak flying" (P.27). This is an attempt to impress the group, create a good impression, enough so he commands their respect as well as the choirs, enough so that he can eventually control them as well as the choir. Jack does not introduce himself to everyone he first run-in to the group are "Wheres the man with the trumpet?" (P.27). He just gives out demands, and expects the group to answer him. This is what he is used to. Jack is a take in contrast with Ralph "peered down at Ralph(the conch) did not seem to satisfy him" (P.27) This shows us that he believes no-one is as good a leader as him, and that the conch, which called the group together, is downstairs him. This is "simple arrogance" (P.29) on the part of Jack.

Literature Reflects Life in The Gilded Age :: Literature Essays Literary Criticism

Literature Reflects Life in The Gilded Age As immigrants began to flood into America in the late 1800s and early 1900s, they had hopes of a miraculous new-sprung(prenominal) life in the Land of the Free. They may have thought that they would not have to live in cramped and unsanitary conditions as they had in their quondam(a) homes. They may have had hopes of finding a great new career that would skyrocket them to fame and fortune and aloneow them to live like the Carnegies, Rockefellers, and Morgans did. It could be possible that all their hopes were assured once they caught sight of the New York City skyline, expanding as far as the eye could see and stretching like arms spread have home a loved one. The sun may have been shining bright and golden, bathing the not-so-distant city in a fantastic light. At a distance it was quite possibly one of the most exquisite sights that their eyes had ever come upon. However, the land that looked so beautiful and grand from the distance was real filled with greed, corruption, and opportunists. That is how America can be described during the Gilded Age. The wrapping was pretty, but the present was awful.Such wealthy entrepreneurs as the Rockefellers and Carnegies helped to make America the steady that she was on the outside, but to an extent they also contributed to the rotten inside. Americas new European residents lived in cramped apartments and worked in unsafe factories. The factories housed the latest technology of the Gilded Age, the fictionalisation line. The mass production that the assembly line brought about made the rich richer, but did nothing to help the poor. They were working long hours in sometimes exceedingly dangerous conditions. Injuries and even deaths would occur due to faulty machinery or exhausted employees, but these occurrences were often ignored or covered up to avoid any bad publicity. As the immigrants flooded the big cities seeking jobs, other Americans headed west with the expansion o f the railroad. However, nobody seemed to take into consideration that they would be intruding on the American Indians territory. It also seemed that no one cared. America was greedy for land that lay to the west and would be quite deceitful in getting the land that they wanted. The American Indians were pushed further and further west, and their tribes began to dwindle.

Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God E

Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching immortal After the Civil War and the emancipation of the slaves, the ex-slaves could not find plentiful good work to earn a living. Jim Crow laws were installed to push blacks further away from reaching their dreams. These laws were enforced after Plessy v. Ferguson conviction that blacks and whites could have everything separate exactly equal. This included schools, transportation, drinking fountains, bathrooms and more. By 1914 all towns were split down the middle with the blacks on one side and whites on the other (Hoobler 51). The Homestead Act was set up in 1866 to help blacks grow in their society. Many bought their own farms or went North and learned to linotype or held other professions such as shoemaking (Hoobler 51). With the case of blacks to the North came the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, a black question in New York in which blacks began to more freely express themselves and their ideas (Ro od 38). In illustrating gender roles and the class expression of a black society, author Zora Neale Hurston portrays the changing black society in her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God through characters that follow their dreams, which helps them take self-command of their own lives. The role of women in a black society is a major theme of this novel. Many women help demonstrate Hurstons ideas. Hurston uses Janies grandmother, Nanny, to show one thoroughgoing of women in a black society, the women who follow in the footsteps of their ancestors. Nanny is stuck in the past. She still believes in all the things that used to be, and wants to keep things the way they were, scarcely to a fault desires a better life for her granddaughter than she had. When Nanny catc... ... Works Cited 1. Booker Taliafero Washington. Alabama Department Archives & History. asc.edu. World Wide Web. 18 Jan. 1996. Available http//www.asc.edu/archives/ noted/b_wash.html. 3. Encarta. Vers. 1997. Computer Software. Encarta, 1997. CD-rom. 4. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1937. 5. Hoobler, Dorothy and Thomas. The African American Family Album. New York, NY Oxford University Press, 1995 6. Jim Crow Laws. FX Bulletin Board Systems. Fxbbs.com. World Wide Web. Available http//www.fxbbs.com/reports/jimcrow.html . 7. Nash, Gary B. American Odyssey. USA Glencoe plane section of Macmilla/McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1992 8. Rood, Karen L. American Decades 1920-1929. Detroit, MI Gale Research Inc., 1996 9. Whiston, Julie. World Wide Web. Available http//www.grin.edu/gardnerj/thirties/jw.html Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God EFreedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God After the Civil War and the emancipation of the slaves, the ex-slaves could not find decent good work to earn a living. Jim Crow laws were installed to push blacks further away from reaching their dreams. These laws were enf orced after Plessy v. Ferguson conviction that blacks and whites could have everything separate but equal. This included schools, transportation, drinking fountains, bathrooms and more. By 1914 all towns were split down the middle with the blacks on one side and whites on the other (Hoobler 51). The Homestead Act was ceremonious in 1866 to help blacks grow in their society. Many bought their own farms or went North and learned to linotype or held other professions such as shoemaking (Hoobler 51). With the movement of blacks to the North came the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, a black movement in New York in which blacks began to more freely express themselves and their ideas (Rood 38). In illustrating gender roles and the class coordinate of a black society, author Zora Neale Hurston portrays the changing black society in her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God through characters that follow their dreams, which helps them take self-control of their own lives. The role of wo men in a black society is a major theme of this novel. Many women help demonstrate Hurstons ideas. Hurston uses Janies grandmother, Nanny, to show one utmost(prenominal) of women in a black society, the women who follow in the footsteps of their ancestors. Nanny is stuck in the past. She still believes in all the things that used to be, and wants to keep things the way they were, but alike desires a better life for her granddaughter than she had. When Nanny catc... ... Works Cited 1. Booker Taliafero Washington. Alabama Department Archives & History. asc.edu. World Wide Web. 18 Jan. 1996. Available http//www.asc.edu/archives/ known/b_wash.html. 3. Encarta. Vers. 1997. Computer Software. Encarta, 1997. CD-rom. 4. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1937. 5. Hoobler, Dorothy and Thomas. The African American Family Album. New York, NY Oxford University Press, 1995 6. Jim Crow Laws. FX Bulletin Board Systems. Fxbbs.com. World Wide Web. Available http//www.fxbbs.com/re ports/jimcrow.html . 7. Nash, Gary B. American Odyssey. USA Glencoe course of instruction of Macmilla/McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1992 8. Rood, Karen L. American Decades 1920-1929. Detroit, MI Gale Research Inc., 1996 9. Whiston, Julie. World Wide Web. Available http//www.grin.edu/gardnerj/thirties/jw.html

Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God E

Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching deity After the Civil War and the emancipation of the slaves, the ex-slaves could not find fair to middling good work to earn a living. Jim Crow laws were installed to push blacks further away from reaching their dreams. These laws were enforced after Plessy v. Ferguson conviction that blacks and whites could have everything separate just now equal. This included schools, transportation, drinking fountains, bathrooms and more. By 1914 all towns were split down the middle with the blacks on one side and whites on the other (Hoobler 51). The Homestead Act was conventional in 1866 to help blacks grow in their society. Many bought their own farms or went North and learned to linotype or held other professions such as shoemaking (Hoobler 51). With the grounds of blacks to the North came the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, a black operation in New York in which blacks began to more freely express themselves and th eir ideas (Rood 38). In illustrating gender roles and the class bodily construction of a black society, author Zora Neale Hurston portrays the changing black society in her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God through characters that follow their dreams, which helps them take will power of their own lives. The role of women in a black society is a major theme of this novel. Many women help demonstrate Hurstons ideas. Hurston uses Janies grandmother, Nanny, to show one total of women in a black society, the women who follow in the footsteps of their ancestors. Nanny is stuck in the past. She still believes in all the things that used to be, and wants to keep things the way they were, moreover in like manner desires a better life for her granddaughter than she had. When Nanny catc... ... Works Cited 1. Booker Taliafero Washington. Alabama Department Archives & History. asc.edu. World Wide Web. 18 Jan. 1996. Available http//www.asc.edu/archives/ storied/b_wash.html. 3. Encarta. Vers. 1997. Computer Software. Encarta, 1997. CD-rom. 4. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1937. 5. Hoobler, Dorothy and Thomas. The African American Family Album. New York, NY Oxford University Press, 1995 6. Jim Crow Laws. FX Bulletin Board Systems. Fxbbs.com. World Wide Web. Available http//www.fxbbs.com/reports/jimcrow.html . 7. Nash, Gary B. American Odyssey. USA Glencoe parting of Macmilla/McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1992 8. Rood, Karen L. American Decades 1920-1929. Detroit, MI Gale Research Inc., 1996 9. Whiston, Julie. World Wide Web. Available http//www.grin.edu/gardnerj/thirties/jw.html Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God EFreedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God After the Civil War and the emancipation of the slaves, the ex-slaves could not find teeming good work to earn a living. Jim Crow laws were installed to push blacks further away from reaching their dreams. Thes e laws were enforced after Plessy v. Ferguson conviction that blacks and whites could have everything separate but equal. This included schools, transportation, drinking fountains, bathrooms and more. By 1914 all towns were split down the middle with the blacks on one side and whites on the other (Hoobler 51). The Homestead Act was launch in 1866 to help blacks grow in their society. Many bought their own farms or went North and learned to linotype or held other professions such as shoemaking (Hoobler 51). With the movement of blacks to the North came the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, a black movement in New York in which blacks began to more freely express themselves and their ideas (Rood 38). In illustrating gender roles and the class structure of a black society, author Zora Neale Hurston portrays the changing black society in her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God through characters that follow their dreams, which helps them take bullheadedness of their own lives. The role of women in a black society is a major theme of this novel. Many women help demonstrate Hurstons ideas. Hurston uses Janies grandmother, Nanny, to show one utmost(prenominal) of women in a black society, the women who follow in the footsteps of their ancestors. Nanny is stuck in the past. She still believes in all the things that used to be, and wants to keep things the way they were, but in any case desires a better life for her granddaughter than she had. When Nanny catc... ... Works Cited 1. Booker Taliafero Washington. Alabama Department Archives & History. asc.edu. World Wide Web. 18 Jan. 1996. Available http//www.asc.edu/archives/ storied/b_wash.html. 3. Encarta. Vers. 1997. Computer Software. Encarta, 1997. CD-rom. 4. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1937. 5. Hoobler, Dorothy and Thomas. The African American Family Album. New York, NY Oxford University Press, 1995 6. Jim Crow Laws. FX Bulletin Board Systems. Fxbbs.com. World Wide Web. Available http //www.fxbbs.com/reports/jimcrow.html . 7. Nash, Gary B. American Odyssey. USA Glencoe office of Macmilla/McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1992 8. Rood, Karen L. American Decades 1920-1929. Detroit, MI Gale Research Inc., 1996 9. Whiston, Julie. World Wide Web. Available http//www.grin.edu/gardnerj/thirties/jw.html

Effects of Global Warming Essay

Starting in the 1960s, scientists recognized long-range problems, concentrating at first on sea-level rise and a threat to sustenance supplies. New items were gradually added to the list, ranging from the degradation of ecosystems to threats to human health. Experts in fields from forestry to economics, even national security experts, pitched in to assess the range of possible consequences. It was out(predicate) to make solid predictions given the complexity of the global system, the differences from one region to another, and the ways human society itself might try to adapt to the changes. But by the start of the 21st century, it was clear that climate change would bring serious harm to many regions some more than others. Indeed many kinds of damage were already beginning to appear. (This essay does not try to cover the entire history of impact studies, but sketches some examples. Current scientific understanding of impacts is summarized at the end). through the first half of th e 20th century, when global thawing from the greenhouse effect was only a speculation, the handful of scientists who thought about it supposed any warming would be for the good. Svante Arrhenius, who published the first calculations, claimed that nations like his native Sweden may hope to enjoy ages with more equable and better climates.(1) Most people assumed that a balance of nature made catastrophic consequences impossible, and if any change did result from the progress of human industry, it would be all to the good. In any case cryptograph worried about the impacts of a climate change that scientists expected would only affect their remote descendents, several centuries in the future, if it happened at all. LINKS for more on this see

Motivation theory Essay

These cardinal theories, Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by Douglas McGregor in the 1960s and are basically these theories are related to motivation and they describe different types of attitudes towards workforce motivation. The creator of this possible action believes that every organization adopts one of the two theories. According to Theory X, it is assumed that the employees working in the organization are lazy as they dislike work and so they avoid work and due to this they need close supervision control of their leader and due to this the structure of the hierarchy is narrow.Another important thing about this theory is that employees are less(prenominal) ambitious and so they need various incentives to spend a penny them work and they have to be forced to do their work. People need to be directed and controlled as they themselves are not eager to take accountability. Theory X can be used in organizations where employees work in the areas of mass manufacturing or fruit where the management style used is authoritarian.A mistake of Theory X is that it is likely to cause diseconomies of scale to occur in organizations especially those that are mammoth in size. Theory Y is somewhat opposite to theory X and according to Theory Y, it is believed that the employees are self-motivated and they do not need to be controlled to make them do work as they believe that work is natural and they are against control and punishments to be used to make the people work.However, job satisfaction plays a vital role and ensures commitment of the employees towards the organization and they learn to accept responsibility unlike theory X. The creativity in the employees make them accomplish their goals and solve problems and this theory can be adopted by professionals and the management style used is participative.Work Cited12Manage. (n. d. ). Theory X Theory Y (McGregor). May 7th, 2009. Retrieved from

Compare and contrast Blake’s ‘London’ to Wordsworth ‘composed upon Westminster Bridge’ Essay

some(prenominal) these poems were create verbally at around the turn of the 19th century, in Georgian times, to illustrate the authors views on the City of capital of the United Kingdom. At this time, the industrial revolution was underway and there was vast growth in the population, due to medical advances and multitude having more children. In my opinion, they are both vexing the City and its inhabitants.Both Poems practice session their structure to emphasise the words in them. William Blakes capital of the United Kingdom is written in four, four contrast stanzas. Each line of each verse has the same number of syllables this creates a regimented, al roughly mechanical effect. It uses alternate line rhyming to make the poem sound regular. This system excessively emphasises the hold water word of each line. Each verse of the Blake poem attacks a different aspect of capital of the United Kingdom. It is clear that Blake found London a very abuse and immoral place, providing a very bleak picture of the city.Whereas in contrast Wordsworths poem is written in the form of an Italian sonnet, of which describes the man do elements of the city, the last sextet refers to natural beauty. This poem also uses alternate line rhyming to create the effect of order. Bringing attention to emphasizes the meaning of the rhyming words.Both poets use different symbolism to convey their ideas to the reader. Wordsworth shows his feelings for London in a figurative way. He personifies the sun, river and the city. He allows them to perform human functions such as wearing clothes. He continues this simile giving the river a will, something which is unique to people. He says The City now doth like a garment wear the beauty of the sunrise. This gives the impression that the city is alive, not just an inanimate collection of buildings. I interpret this personification to mean that the city takes the beauty of the morning to disguise it dirtiness and ugliness.William Blakes poem conveys his feelings in a more abstract style, when he uses the people and buildings of London to represent the institutions, which they are associated with. He uses the image of a church service to criticise religious establishments and a palace to signify the state, and authorities that control it. He gives the image of the soldiers sigh running in wrinkle down palace walls. Here he is attacking the monarchy and government for condemning young men to death by sending them off to fight in foreign wars.Many of the words in Blakes poem have more than one meaning. In the first line he talks of Londons charterd streets. Chartered can be interpreted to mean responsibility of the church or state or licensed on the other side of the coin it can be use to mean licentious and freely immoral. Taken in context with the rest of the poem I consider it to mean freely immoral as further on in the poem he alludes to prostitution, and other such corrupt activities.According to tralatitious read ing the picture of London we see in Wordsworths poem is an exaggerated tribute to the beauty of London. It uses imagery and praises both nature and mans achievements. It immediately sets egress how the author feels in the first line saying Dull would he be of soul who could pass by, a sight so touching in its majesty. Inferring that the sight of London would evoke strong views in everyone who sees it. It is left up to the reader to decide whether this is a compliment or a criticism. Wordsworths most famous works allude to the beauty of his beloved lake district. So it is not to imagine he would be shocked and repulsed by London.Wordsworths poem describes London as glittering in the smokeless air and having a calming aura. These statements, I think prove that the words are sarcastic. At the time they were written the Industrial was happening and the chimneys of London would be belching out thick smoke. Also to describe London as calming is, in my opinion a blatant lie. London is the heart of the United Kingdom, a port and an important centre of commerce. It is near impossible for us to imagine it as calm regular in The beauty of the morningIn contrast to this the Blake poem uses hyperbole to criticize London and the sadness and malice of the people who live there. Blakes London brutally painted is a dark, dirty, disease ridden and deprived place Unlike the Wordsworth poem it leaves you in no doubt as to the authors feelings on the subject.In the last verse of the Blake poem there is a theme of sexually transmitted disease, leading to the end of society. This is most apparent in the last verse. It describes the youthful harlots threat blasting the newborn infant. This is showing that the venereal disease affects everyone because of the promiscuity of the people in the society. The last line uses the image of a trades union hearse being bad by sexually transmitted disease. Marriage is supposed to be a happy occasion though here it is shown to be an instituti on that carries people to their deathbeds. This is because marriage is usually seen as an appropriate setting for sexual intercourse, which spreads the diseases when infidelity is rife. Which are hinted to lead to the end of civilization.The Wordsworth poem is slightly less melodramatic in its medical prognosis as it merely describes London at one moment in the morning. It has nothing in it that could be interpreted as relating to Londons people or what the future holds for them.The Wordsworth poem is made more charged in the penultimate line where he says Dear God The very houses seem incognizant He is so overwhelmed by the tranquillity of London that he feels the need to invoke gods name. In contrast nowhere in the Blake poem does he use direct speech to heighten any of the emotions.Both these poems, in my opinion, share feelings of concern and disgust for London. If I had to pick which one I preferred I would choose the Blake poem. This is because the meaning of the words is mo re clear-cut. I accept that the point of the Wordsworth poem may be to leave it up to the reader to decide whether or not the poem is sarcastic or not.But I dont consider this device to be particularly effective thought peckish maybe but not effective. The Blake poem is also more emotional and melodramatic.

Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care Essay

Learning outcomesThe learner willAssessment criteriaThe learner can1. Understand the importance of diversity, enoughity and cellular comprehension 1.1 Define what is meant bya) diversityb) comparisonc) inclusiond) discrimination1.2 define how direct or indirect discrimination whitethorn occur in the turn tail setting 1.3 Explain how practices that go for diversity, equality and inclusion reduce the likeliness of discrimination 2. Know how to reach in an inclusive waysee more(prenominal)key legislation relating to equality and diversity2.1List key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social portion out settings 2.2 account how to interact with individuals in an inclusive way 2.3 Describe ways in which discrimination may be ch wholeenged in adult social cargon settings 3. Know how to access information, advice and support close to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination 3.1 Identify sources of inf ormation, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination 3.2 Describe how and when to accessinformation, advice and support aboutdiversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination supererogatory information about the wholeUnit purpose and aim(s)This unit introduces the concept of inclusion, which is fundamental to working in adult social portion out settings. This unit is aimed at those who are interested in, or new to, working in social care settings with adults. Unit expiry dateDetails of the relationship between the unit and relevant national occupational standards or other professional standards or curricula (if appropriate) HSC 24HSC 234Guidance for developing assessment arrangements for the unit (if appropriate) An individual is someone requiring care or supportAssessment requirements or guidance specified by a sector or regulatory body (if appropriate) This unit needs to be assessed in line with the Skills for Care and Development QCF Assessment Pr inciples. Support for the unit from a SSC or other appropriate body (if required) Skills for Care and Development side of the unit within the subject/sector classification system 01.3 Health and Social CareName of the organisation submitting the unitAvailability for usedivided upUnit available fromUnit guided learning hours18Additional guidanceSee Guidance for developing assessment arrangements for the unit1. Define what is meant by (1.1.1)a. diversityDiversity basically means difference, difference in age, background, religion and the list goes on. It is important to create an atmosphere in which each diverse somebody feels equal in their surroundingsb. equalityEquality is everyone getting the same privileges and opportunities as everybody else no be what shape, colour or beliefsc. inclusionNo egress what even if it ay be a disability, gender or age a somebody is a audacious equal access to a service no matter what d. discriminationDiscrimination is generally treating someone as an outcast because they may be different in some way or another to everyone else2. Describe how direct or indirect discrimination may occur in the work setting (1.1.2) When a person is not toughened as equal as everyone else be it because of age, religion, gender, ethnicity, or sexuality. Example- you apply for a job as a shop assistant and your aged 50 but have all the necessary qualifications and plenty of experience. The person conducting the interview comments on your age in an inappropriate manner, and then tries to question you on your health problems. After the interview you bechance that the person conducting the interview pays more attention to the younger fitter muckle and then states you havent got the job, without giving a proper reason as to why. Indirect discrimination-When there are certain requirements or conditions which may affect certain people in m both different ways. Example- searching through the theme looking for a job, you come across an add, it says yo u need to have some sort of vehicle to get from place to place. This is indirectly discriminating people who may be unable to drive due to some sort of disability or financial problems.3. Explain how practices that support diversity, equality and inclusionreduce the likelihood of discrimination (1.1.3) For those who support the inclusion of diversity and equality their more likely to attract those who are open minded and non-judgmental individuals, this would reduce the risk of discrimination. If there was any discrimination occurring there might be a more firm disciplinary towards the situation that has taken place.4. List key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care settings (2.2.1) Race relations act 1976, amended 2000This states that everybody no matter what race, nationality or ethnicity should be treated fairly like everyone else impairment discrimination act 1995This states that a person with a disab ility should be treated the same as an able-personEmployment equality regulation 2003 (religion or belief) This states that it is illegal to discriminate an individual at a work place because of their religion or beliefs this also covers those in trainingEmployment equality regulation 2006 (age)This states that it is unlawful for an employer to discriminate against anyone due to their ageThe Equal Pay Act 1970 (amended1984). This states that women must be paidthe same as men when they are doing thesame or similar workThe Sex Discrimination Act 1975(amended 1986). This owns it illegal todiscriminate against men or women inemployment, education, housing or inproviding goods and services5. Describe how to interact with individuals in an inclusive way (2.2.2) Many individuals interact in different ways it is important not to assume how a person may interact. The elderlyWhen communicating with an older individual it is important to speak clearly and loudly, not shouting but keeping a l oud clear voice while looking at them will help them hear what is being said and cut down on miss-communication. Many people just assume that when a person is elderly they are not able to do many things their selves, it is important to promote their independence and only throw in when they are comfortable for you to do so or when it is necessary (example, when they are at risk)The disabledMany people just assume that when a person is physically disabled their mentally affected as well which is not always the case. People who are physically disabled like to be treated as everyone else, for the people who are mentally disabled be it mild or severe there may be certain things that have to be altered when interacting with them. When speaking trying to not use technical words but smaller words so they understand will be a help, speaking clearly and sometimes using flash cards makes a big difference. Some disabled people again dont like their independence taken from them, of course they will need help in certain areas but checking that it is ok to do so shows that you are not there to shadow their independence but enhance it slightly6. Describe ways in which discrimination may be challenged in adult social care settings to promote change. (2.2.3) The way to deal with discrimination is to deal with it at the time it has arisen and encourage talking and to discourage this behaviour. I would ensure that the service users I work with know their rights and give them access to any information that they need, as well as offer any support they might need. If required I would make contact with an advocate who can help the service user to understand their choices and rights.7. Identify sources of information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination (3.3.1) The Equality and HumanRights boot (www.equalityhumanrights.com) has a statutory remit to promote and monitor human rights and to protect, enforce and promote equality across the seven pr otected grounds, which are AgeDisabilityGenderRaceReligion and beliefSexual orientationGender reassignmentThey are able to provide a wide range of resources, advice and guidance about all the areas of equality rights. They produce guidance documents about legislation, particularly the Equality Act 2010 and you can download these from the website. There are likely to be local recourses such as the Citizens Advice Bureau, Welfare Rights or Law Centres. Local libraries also have plenty of information available both online and in hard copy.8. Describe how and when to access information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination (3.3.2) Knowing where to go and whom to ask when you need information and advice is important. If you are unaware or have well-tried a few places without success, do not give up. You owe it to the people you support to develop your knowledge and understanding so that you can pass on advice and encourage people to insist on being treated equally and to be able to access their rights.

Pakistan and India over Kashmir Essay

troths between Pakistan and India over Kashmir as well as mainland China over Tibet have been more or less for decades. Although these conflicts are religion based, this is no longer the case since they currently dispute over land watch (Stokes, 2010). Whereas India and Pakistan is ever fighting to be in get wind of Kashmir, this case is the same when it comes to Chinas conflict for Tibet. Although Tibet is part of China, it considers itself a nation since it has always been bound by religion, culture as well as linguistics and genetic ties (Stokes, 2010). The study aims to address the religion conflicts existing between China over Tibet as well as India and Pakistan over Kashmir.Pakistan and India over Kashmir jibe to Hajni (2008), Pakistan was founded after the end of the British rule when the Indian Muslims developed the desire to own an Islamic state. Indian Muslims were the Minority religion and this make them feel insecure. Since they were the minority religion, the Indi an Muslims were afraid of losing political representation in addition to maintaining their freedom as well as cultural norms. harmonise to Hajni (2008), regarding the criteria for deciding which of the cardinal dominions a state should join he quotes Lord Mountbatten who said, geographic situation and communal interests and so forth will be factors to be consideredAt the time of partitioning, Jammu and Kashmir was predominantly Muslim. However, Hindu Maharaja Hari Singh who supported the annexation of Kashmir by India ruled the state. According to James and Ozdamar (2005), when the British divided the two states, Kashmir was given the option of joining each one. However, through Maharajah Singh, the current leader of that time, Kashmir opted to become independent. Pakistan and India were not happy with this decision since they started forcing Kashmir to join them. It is due to these debates that later resulted to the outbreak of conflicts between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. Pakistani Muslims initiated insurgent type operations to undermine an annexation by India, which further compelled the Hindu leader to align with India to secure military support to counter the Muslims. According to Hajni (2008), India started by laying claim on Kashmir due to the instrument of accession that was signed by Maharaja in 1947. It is because of this move that prompted Pakistan to follow suit. Just standardized India, Pakistan also laid claimed to own Kashmir since most of its population were Muslims. This gradually escalated into disputes over Jammu and Kashmir, which is still rife to date. The disputes were quite severe since they escalated into wars in a move to perplex the disputed state. Although religion was the main source of conflict between the three nations, it was primarily triggered by the urge for territorial control.China over TibetApart from India and Pakistan, another(prenominal) famous religion conflict is that of China and Tibet. Tibet has been pract icing Buddhism for decades to the extent that it currently defines the Tibetans way of life (Sperling, 2004). It was because of these cultures that the Tibetans declined to submit themselves to the Chinese rule. China has always strived to control Tibet but the Tibetans have always opposed this attempt. Since 1951, the republic of China through the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) has tried to acquire Tibet by attempting to annihilate their national as well as cultural identities (Macalester College, 2007). For instance, the nation tried to acquire Tibet by attempting to lure Tibets religious elite into voluntarily agreeing to heart socialism. According to the Tibetans, this has always been referred to as cultural genocide (Stokes, 2010).Although China had assured Tibet that their Buddhism religion and culture would not be affected by the inauguration, Tibet was not confortable fusing with the Chinese Buddhist Association (CBA). According to the Tibetans, fusing with the CBA posed a threat for the Tibetans religion as well as culture. According to Sperling (2004), China is ever attempting to forcefully acquire Tibet. The reason why China is ever wishing to acquire Tibet is that it believes Tibet is located within Chinas dirt. Since almost all Tibetans design Buddhism while the Han Chinese does not, the republic of China is ever attempting to ruin this religious culture in a move to ease the acquisition process. However, Tibetans always fight back in order to prevent China from ruining their culture and religion.Through Dalai Lama, Tibet was stable to the extent that even after numerous conflicts, China has neer succeeded in acquiring it. It was through Dalai Lama that Tibet was able to fuse religion with politics. By intertwining Politics and religion, Tibet was able to create a solid foundation that made it difficult for the republic of china to acquire (Sperling, 2004). This technique was quite beneficial to the Tibetans since it motivated them into pursui ng independence and self-autonomy. To date, the conflict between Tibet and China still exists scorn numerous diplomatic interventions. Although Dalai Lama was quite influential in Tibet, he fled to India when he currently resides.AnalysisIn order to form the foundation of their aids lives, both the Hindu and Buddhist religions ensured that they encouraged one another to fully embrace their religion. For instance, through this motivation, all Tibetans embraced Buddhism. Whereas the conflict between India and Pakistan resulted from the inability of the two nations to align Hindus with India and Muslims with Pakistan, the case was almost similar to that of China and Tibet. The conflict between china and Tibet began because China did not want Tibetans to practice their cultures and religions in a territory they claim was theirs. Additionally, the conflict was also triggered by the fact that Dalai Lama had planned to make Tibet an independent nation (Macalester College, 2007).Conclusio nFor a long time, India and Pakistan have been wrapped in conflicts. Although these conflicts started on grounds of religion differences, they rapidly escalated to territorial conflicts whereby both nations began fighting over Kashmir, a region located between India and Pakistan. Apart from India and Pakistan, China and Tibet have also been engrossed in conflicts, which have lasted for decades. Just like that of India and Pakistan, this conflict also revolved around religion but gradually grew into territorial conflict. China was not comfortable with Tibets Buddhism religion, hence, attempted all measures to disrupt it but Tibet was not ready to allow this to happen. Dalai Lama, a prominent leader in Tibet, was planning to declare Tibet an Independent nation. This idea was never taken lightly by China and it is because of this that the conflict intensified, thus, Dalai Lama was forced to run to seek safety device in India where he resides to date.ReferencesHajni, M. (2008). The Ka shmir Conflict A Kashmiri Perspective. Retrieved on 12 October 2014 from www.operationspaix.net/DATA/DOCUMENT/5413vThe_Kashmir_Conflict___A_Kashmiri_Perspective.pdfJames, C. & Ozdamar, O. (2005). Religion as a Factor in Ethnic Conflict Kashmir and Indian Foreign Policy. Terrorism and Political Violence, 17447-467. Retrieved on 12 November 2014 from http//www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source= mesh&cd=2&ved=0CCcQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fozgur.bilkent.edu.tr%2Fdownload%2F05Religion%2520as%2520a%2520Factor%2520in%2520Ethnic%2520Conflict%2520Kashmir.pdf&ei=7u1jVNrQFIbWasKGgcgK&usg=AFQjCNFvomYpl_QzYphrOggL6s3Ms5ZCZg&sig2=ZM9lKPLKG5LZde_OAlB7vA&bvm=bv.79189006,d.d2sMacalester College. (2007). History of Tibet-China Conflict. Retrieved on 12 November 2014 from https//sites.google.com/a/macalester.edu/refugees/tibetan/history-of-tibet-china-conflictSperling, E. (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict History and Polemics. Retrieved on 12 November 2014 from www.eastwestcenter.org/sites/defaul t/files/private/PS007.pdfStokes, D. (2010). Conflict over Tibet Core Causes and Possible Solutions. Retrieved on 12 November 2014 from http//www.beyondintractability.org/casestudy/stokes-tibetSource document

Personal Ethics Statement Essay

My personal ethics statement accepts my values and ideas important to me as an academic and in constantlyy solar day life. My ethics are personal and define who I am as a person. The finishs and choices I make every day should be consistent with integrity and respect toward others. These ethics will ensure any happiness and peace as I hold these values. I imagine everyone should be equal. Treating people with respect while holding myself accountable will ensure I treat people as I want to be treated. My preferred ethical len is the unrealistic role either on me or by other means that I need to pay close assistance to my expectations of others. My expectations may not be the same as others. I must substantiate in mind that I cant control ever situation. And that other people are capable of resolving problems. Trusting other peoples choices and decisions will inspection and repair overcome this blind spot. My strength include courage in the face of obstacles. I can avoid fast de cisions and at the same time face anything difficult.I value friendship and keep close connection with people I trust. I appreciate those who work along by my side and help to encourage me. My weakness include entitlement, rigor of heart and confusion. Believing that I am entitled to special prividges and persuade others. Hardness of heart come from expriece of people. I must practice mindfulness not to be confused. Identifying my weakness is important it allows for improvement. My value define me and my behavior or who I am. My behavior also affect others in relationships either casual or professional. The choices I make and behavior reflect me. My personal ethics determine my course of actions allowing me to see clear. Exploring and digging deep into my own emotions will allow me to my decision I make. Keeping an open and honest heart in all situations and reexamining my ethics will allow for improvement and corrections. I believe these things will help me keep focus and make bet ter decisions and improve my life.

The Only Character Responsible for the Tyranny of Macbeth

The only character responsible for the tyranny of Macbeth is the man himself. Discuss Macbeth is not the only per word of honor responsible for all the poorly made decisions and dirty ruling. This character based theme is shown extensively throughout the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare. During the play we are shown Macbeth as a tyrant ruler who is always cleaning people. Just at the start of the play we see Macbeth fighting against Norway and Ireland and at the end of the play Macbeth if fighting against Macduff and his army.Everyone approximately him influenced on his behaviour and caused him to sweep away some(prenominal) innocent people. the witches caused him to search for power because of their prophecies. Lady Macbeth used Macbeth to become queen and to do everything to stay like that. Banquo did not speak even though he knew the honor. Malcolm had got get the better of to his fears which caused him to hightail it. All the major characters contri exactlyed into Macb eths tyranny. The witches prophecies caused Macbeth to become a oppressor. Macbeth was a brave and courageous general before he met the witches which caused his life history to change. For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name. aft(prenominal) Macbeth learned that the first prophecy which was that he would become the Thane of Cawdor, he believed in the witches more strongly. The other prophecy was that he shall be tycoon hereafter. Macbeth immediately begins to take hold ambitions to become king. After hearing what the witches said, he didnt want to leave it as a chance but rather take the matters into his own hands, and he protrudes king Duncan and becomes the new king. But if he had never learned those prophecies from the witches than he wouldnt have killed King Duncan.He goes to the witches second time and learns three new prophecies. One of those prophecies it to be watch out of Macduff, which then causes Macbeth to attack Macduffs castle and kill his wife and his bab es. Therefore the witches had a huge influence on Macbeth and the actions in which he took. Lady Macbeth provoked Macbeth to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth also had huge impact on Macbeths life and on his journey towards kingship. Macbeth was not thinking about killing his king, but Lady Macbeth defeated his thought by challenging his manlihood. Was the hope drunk where in you dressd yourself? Hath it slept since? She easily persuades Macbeth into killing King Duncan. Also Lady Macbeth is the one thats doing all the planning plot of ground Macbeth is the one implementing it. Lady Macbeth successfully convinces Macbeth into killing Banquo and his son Fleance because of Witches prophecy, Thou shalt get kings. So it leaves Macbeth no choice but to kill his best friend. After Macbeth reaches the mind of nihilist where he doesnt care how many people he kills.But Lady Macbeth feels the sense of guilt and goes crazy and sees imaginary bloodstains on her hands. discover, damned spot Out I say She has great influence on decisions which Macbeth takes and easily convinces him. Banquo is also responsible for all the devastation caused by Macbeth. After Duncan is killed by Macbeth, Banquo becomes suspicious of Macbeth but does not confess this because he also believed in the witches prophecies regarding him which were, Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none. He chose to stay silent and watch Macbeth kill all those innocent people because he was selfish. He saw that Macbeths prophecies came true so he believed that his ones will become true. Macbeth became aware of this and added Banquo to his death list. But if Banquo had told the truth then he mightve had been alive and wouldve saved the lives of innocent people. But he, just like Macbeth had fallen trap to his own self and payed it off with his life. But Banquos son Fleance managed to escap, Fly, good Fleance. Banquo stayed quiet which caused Macbeth to rule as a piper. King Duncans sons Malcolm and Donalbain flee leaving the throne to Macbeth. After Malcolm and Donalbain learn about their fathers murder, they fear that their lives may be in danger,Theres daggers in mens smiles, the near in blood, the nearer in bloody. So they decide to flee, which Malcolm goes to England,Ill to England, and Donalbain goes to Ireland,To Ireland. But because they run away, people believe that they were responsible for Duncans murder and rightfully give the throne to Macbeth.If they had stayed then Malcolm would have been the king because he had been chosen as the heir by King Duncan. They cared more about their life than their own family and values. By saving their own lives they caused many other innocent people to die. In conclusion the play,Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare is a tragedy which explores around Macbeth and his family and friends. Macbeth causes many tyranny events to occur but what causes to become a tyrant ruler is not only himself but also people around him.People perform decisions for him and controll his life to become a ruler who kills. The witches give him prophecies that he shall be king and he makes that come true by killing Duncan. In hostelry to become King Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth to kill Duncan and his best friend Banquo. In order for his sons to become king, Banquo becomes quiet even though he knows that Macbeth killed Duncan. Lastly Malcolm and Donalbain flee to different countries leaving the kingship to Macbeth. People around Macbeth cause him to become unjust and tyrant ruler. MUSTAFA TELLI

Redneck Recording Process

How do you record a var.? Hmm, well thats subdued. Its easy if you follow the three steps, of the Redneck written text touch on. First we jam or play what we feel identical playing. Jamming is a very unstructured thing. Jamming usually consists of playing the old guit-fiddle or (guitar by its normal name), having a good while, watching movies and talking shop. Second we take the song we wrote and set up the Rednek Recording Studio (, Misspelled on purpose. ) And in the long run well put it on to tape. Mix it, master it, and finally go up it to CD. This makes it easier to sell.So direct lets record brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers to tape. The first step in the Redneck Recording Process is to jam out. My friend comes over and we just start playing. After about thirty minutes to an hr of playing and shop talk we usually spend a penny a flip (Musical Melody for the guitar) to work make of for the song. Most of the time this will end up being the bridge or the chorus. After the rif f is placed in the song. Well start working out the other parts of the song. Be lawsuit were both guitarists well act out the other parts of the song later.After another fifteen to forty minutes we fundamentally have the songs guitar parts and vocal melodies worked out. When hitting out the vocals, I usually like to Shoot from the hip. So Chris plays the riff while I start singing words. This part is usually pretty funny ca delectation like Ozzy Osbourne I usually just sing random words. Some measure it takes three hours other times it takes three days. After weve got the Melody, Ive usually got a basic idea were the lyrics atomic number 18 button. It usually takes me some time to find oneself down some lyrics that work for the song.Ok immediately that the guitars and vocals argon worked out, well take the song to the bass player. He listens awhile to the song gives us some ideas, Then he makes the bass lines for Brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers. Then the drummer does the comparable. After all the parts are finished. We will re-hearse BDHR until we have it down right. Brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers is now ready to be taken to Rednek Rekording Studio, or RRS for short to record it. Rednek Recording Studio is also cognise as a house. Just to let you know, this paragraph is filled with products and descriptions of them to futher your knowledge of recording.Ok, the song is firing on all cylinders, so lets set up the studio. First we will get the gear we need, so well go to a rental company such as Rock & Roll Rentals. First off the coalesce board, for this well use the Behringer MX2642A Euro rack to a Tascam DA-P1 DAT recorder. (DAT is short for Digital Audio Tape). Ok we now have the base of RRS, for the slackening of the Studio Equipment, Ill just explain the instrument, amp, and microphone use to capture their sound. The beat guitar is a Gibson Les Paul Custom running through a Lee Jackson XLA-1000 Amplifier dry.Dry is a term meaning no effects are added to the s ignal (sound) till after the recording. To record it we are going to close mic or put the mic right next to the speaker cabinet so we get as little atmosphere as possible. The mic I chose is a Shure SM-57 to give it a nice matte sound which is easier to mix. Well get to the mixing later. For the Lead guitar were using another Gibson Les Paul Custom. The Paul is going dry into a Marshall JCM 800 to a close micd SM-57. So they can hear whats going on with the rest of the band Ill hook up some monitors (speakers).Now we have the guitars done, so lets move to the box and the bump of the ensemble. The drum set is Tama Star Classic Trap Set similar to the one used by Lars Ulrich of Metallica. To mic this were going to use four mics. First one is for the snare, once again were using a SM-57, Boy those really seem to be popular. The second is for the Kick drum well try the AKG D112 microphone. The final two mics are the overheads, for these well employ the AKG C-418s. The Drums are now s et up in a name room with some head phones to hear the other band members.Lets move onto the bass Hes going to use an Ernie Ball Stingray bass to a Galien Krueger 2001RB micd by a once again a SM-57. Since the bass is in the same room as the guitars, he can hear whats going on. Last we just have to get the vocals. For this well set up in the shower with headphones and an AKG tube (a vacuum Tube) mic for that tube warmth. Whew finally RRS is set up and ready to Rock. Well, we are cocked, locked and ready to rock Lets get started on recording. With all our mics, monitors, and headphones are hooked up, were going to get a few practice takes in.After were all in the same groove, were going to lay it down for real. After about seven takes weve probably got the best were going to get. So we start mixing. First the producer and the artists, who in this case are the same people, start listening to the takes. So I dont get bogged down in techno mumble-jumbo again, lets say we all nailed it on the same take. Now were going to mix it. Basically sound is a 3D ball that has to be assembled. Mixing assembles this ball by cutting and boosting frequencies, volume and adding effects. So BD-HR is now mixed perfectly, so were going to burn this onto a cd.So the song is now on tape and cd which will make it much more friendly for fans. We have been through the three very tedious yet enjoyable steps of the Redneck Recording Process. First I, told you about the jam session, which can only be described not explained. Secondly I gave you the set up of the RRS used to record the song. The third step recording the song. Sorry for the over expert second paragraph, but all of the tools are instrumental to making the record sound right. So hopefully the process and point of this paper got through. If It did, you know what the RRS is, and how to apply it to your own situation.

Natural crime and legal crime

Crimes argon largely acts carried reveal that be considered offensive to fair plays provided by a reliable state. Crimes atomic number 18 necessarily defined by the statutes and the by the common law. First, we brook say that nuisance always involves conduct notwithstanding if we stretch the moment of that circumstance so far as to empty it of substantial content (D. Husak, 1987). This suggests that we can, whether justly or non, be held criminally liable not merely for what we do, or fail to do, solely for what we be, perhaps even for what we remember or we intend (Robinson, P. H. 1997). On the early(a) hand, one author suggests that we must not, or must not yet, translate r grievouse here as little exclusively wrong (Dworkin, G., 1994).Some of these crimes were defined the law found on the quick and generally accepted incorrupt standards of a authoritative society while others argon based only on a courtesy on what is deemed proper for the benefit of the general worldly concern. These general types of crimes atomic number 18 called Mala in se, or that which is wrong in itself and Mala prohibita, which became only wrong after be defined by a certain statute (Simester, A. P., & Sullivan, G. R. 2000). We should the always remember that since not all crimes are defined fit to moral standards, not all dirty acts, as defined by law are morally wrong. thither are crimes that are not wrong in itself, based on the nature of the act, but are considered crimes and thence are necessarily punishable, once they have a bun in the oven been covered by the criminal law (Norrie, A. W. 1993).In discussing the residue between the two types of crimes, it is important that we first understood how these crimes are classified by law. The federal toilet table of Investigation (FBI) crime index, these crimes is classified in thirteen general categories. First kin consists of offenses against trust and public worship (blasphemy, disturbing public worship). Second category consists of offenses against the sovereign power (treason, misprision of treason). Another category consists of offenses against a nations currency (counterfeiting, impairing currency). Crimes are as well categorized according to offenses against public evaluate (bribery, perjury, prison-breaking, extortion, compounding felonies, etc.) and those against public peace (riots, unlawful assemblies, libel).Crimes are also classified according to offenses against public cunning (cheats, forestalling, and monopoly, engrossing) and those cogitate to chastity (sodomy, adultery, incest, bigamy and fornication). There are also crimes against decency and worship (public indecency, drunkenness, violating the grave) and those against public police and economy (common nuisances, vagrancy, and beggary). dramatic play and illegal lotteries are crimes under public policy. Homicide, rape, poisoning with intent of murder, assault and battery, kidnapping and abduction are only fewer of the crimes classified under individual crimes. Crimes against private property complicate burglary, arson, robbery, forgery and counterfeiting. Lastly, offenses against public persons include confederation (US Department of Justice, FBI 2006).Natural crimes or the so-called Mala in se are those crimes which have been criminalized because of their inherent wrongfulness and are usually based on moral standards. Examples of inwrought crimes include killing (murder), rape, arson or robbery. These are acts that are morally inacceptable and are inherently wrong (Dressler, J. 2001). These are acts that are necessarily punishable even in the absence of a law. Note that these acts involve injureing others lives and properties which are morally wrong. Natural crimes therefrom have the constituent of holiness. Mala in se consists of conduct that wrong independently of the criminal law.In contrast, legal crimes which are also called mala prohibita are crimes that cons ist of conduct that is not wrong based on moral office or those which are not inherently wrong based on morality. They become wrong in the eyeball of the law which define them as crimes. They only become wrong and thus become crime because of the prohibition of the law (Moore, M. S. 1993). Examples of these crimes are illegal lay, over belt along and probably of forgetting to bring your runrs endorse with you when you go out of the house with your car. In these examples, we cannot in anyway draw a moral element on which we can base the unacceptability of the acts.Parking at the side of the road which has a discolour declination painted along it cannot be considered as morally wrong because it anyway, the act does not harm anyone at that said(prenominal) point. However, it becomes illegal and thusly a crime because certain law defined it as it is. In certain instances, driving over a designated speed is a crime (legal crime) because there are living laws that prohibits suc h acts (Fletcher, G. 1978). In the moral perspective, outperforming such designated speed is not morally wrong. In the same way, it is not immoral to forget or leave your drivers license at substructure whenever you go out and drive. It is however a crime because a specific statute prohibits anyone to drive without a license.There are certain grounds on which we can draw clear lines between natural crimes (mala in se) and legal crimes (mala prohibita). In the context of Mala en Se crimes, judges are given less discretion under the Rule of fairness because such behavior is presumed to be known and understood to be evil (Hart, H. L. A. 1994). Because these crimes are based on moral standards, it would be safe to assess that these acts were defined as crimes as largely influenced by the societys religions. Killing and raping are acts against a fellow gentlemans gentleman being are religious perspectives generally views these acts as immoral and are necessarily unacceptable. Therefo re, a judge guardianship such a case does not to have the strong discretion of identifying if the act is wrong or not. It is in this context that the old maxim of judges that ignorance of the law excuses no one can be appreciated (Dworkin, G. 1994).Closely related to the analysis made by other authors, heathland (1999) sees another prospect of crimes that defines the bank bill between natural and legal crimes. That element, according to Heath is the victim. In a mala en se crime such as assault the victim is the one who was assaulted, and the criminal is the perpetrator (Heath, Hari 1999). On the other hand, Heath assessed that it is the defendant who is the victim in mala prohibita crimes.Again using the examples used earlier, illegal put and over rush along were acts that does not necessarily harm anyone but in these cases, the person who did the acts are held liable and are therefore called criminals. In this case, the person turned out to be the victim. Because of the viola tion, the law enforcers will cause damages or harm to the criminal by imputing legal financial liabilities at least.On the perspective of this paper, it is argued that although there is the absence of morality in mala prohibita crimes, these are justifiable based on the intention of the law to create a much orderly and peaceful society. For example, over speeding may not harm anyone at glance, but this could perchance cause a driver to meet an accident and thus would harm him, properties and lives of others even without his intention. Illegal parking may not seem harmful to anyone at first but try to imagine if mess can just park anywhere they want. Would it be a chaotic environment to cars in over?Mala prohibita, for the purpose of this paper, do not at all suppress the freedom and liberty of anyone as many tidy sum see them. Mala prohibita laws are intended to set boundaries to humans great possibility to decease beyond what they ought to be. Humans have the tendency to act according to what they know is right and what benefits them the most. In certain cases, such acts are out of the consideration of the welfare of others and that is what mala prohibita laws are intended to avoid.REFERENCESDressler, J. (2001). Understanding Criminal police force (3rd ed.), New York LexisDworkin, G. (ed.) (1994). Morality, Harm and the Law. Boulder, Colorado Westview Press.Fletcher, G. (1978). Rethinking Criminal Law. Boston Little, Brown.Hart, L.A. (1994). The Concept of Law (2nd ed.). Oxford Oxford University Press.Heath, Hari (1999). Does North Idaho need more than prisons? Idaho Observer, July 1999. Retrieved on January 26, 2008 from http//www.proliberty.com/observer/19990703.htmHusak, D. (1987). Philosophy of Criminal Law. Totowa, N. J. Rowman & Littlefield.Moore, M. S. (1993). Act and Crime. Oxford Oxford University Press.Norrie, A. W. (1993). Crime, Reason and History. London Weidenfeld & Nicolson.Robinson, P. H. (1997). Structure and Function in Criminal L aw. Oxford Oxford University Press.Simester, A. P., & Sullivan, G. R. (2000). Criminal Law Theory and Doctrine. Oxford Hart Publishing.Crime in the United States 2005. US Department of Justice, federal official Bureau of Investigation. September 2006. Retrieved on January 26, 2008 from http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/offenses/property_crime/arson.htmlNatural crime and legal crimeCrimes are generally acts carried out that are considered offensive to laws provided by a certain state. Crimes are necessarily defined by the statutes and the by the common law. First, we can say that crime always involves conduct only if we stretch the meaning of that term so far as to empty it of substantial content (D. Husak, 1987). This suggests that we can, whether justly or not, be held criminally liable not merely for what we do, or fail to do, but for what we are, perhaps even for what we think or we intend (Robinson, P. H. 1997). On the other hand, one author suggests that we must not, or must not yet , read wrong here as morally wrong (Dworkin, G., 1994).Some of these crimes were defined the law based on the existing and generally accepted moral standards of a certain society while others are based only on a discretion on what is deemed proper for the benefit of the general public. These general types of crimes are called Mala in se, or that which is wrong in itself and Mala prohibita, which became only wrong after being defined by a certain statute (Simester, A. P., & Sullivan, G. R. 2000). We should the always remember that since not all crimes are defined according to moral standards, not all illegal acts, as defined by law are morally wrong. There are crimes that are not wrong in itself, based on the nature of the act, but are considered crimes and therefore are necessarily punishable, once they have been covered by the criminal law (Norrie, A. W. 1993).In discussing the difference between the two types of crimes, it is important that we first understood how these crimes are classified by law. The federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) crime index, these crimes is classified in thirteen general categories. First category consists of offenses against religion and public worship (blasphemy, disturbing public worship). Second category consists of offenses against the sovereign power (treason, misprision of treason). Another category consists of offenses against a nations currency (counterfeiting, impairing currency). Crimes are also categorized according to offenses against public justice (bribery, perjury, prison-breaking, extortion, compounding felonies, etc.) and those against public peace (riots, unlawful assemblies, libel).Crimes are also classified according to offenses against public trade (cheats, forestalling, and monopoly, engrossing) and those related to chastity (sodomy, adultery, incest, bigamy and fornication). There are also crimes against decency and morality (public indecency, drunkenness, violating the grave) and those against public pol ice and economy (common nuisances, vagrancy, and beggary). Gambling and illegal lotteries are crimes under public policy. Homicide, rape, poisoning with intent of murder, assault and battery, kidnapping and abduction are only few of the crimes classified under individual crimes. Crimes against private property include burglary, arson, robbery, forgery and counterfeiting. Lastly, offenses against public persons include conspiracy (US Department of Justice, FBI 2006).Natural crimes or the so-called Mala in se are those crimes which have been criminalized because of their inherent wrongfulness and are usually based on moral standards. Examples of natural crimes include killing (murder), rape, arson or robbery. These are acts that are morally inacceptable and are inherently wrong (Dressler, J. 2001). These are acts that are necessarily punishable even in the absence of a law. Note that these acts involve harming others lives and properties which are morally wrong. Natural crimes therefo re have the element of morality. Mala in se consists of conduct that wrong independently of the criminal law.In contrast, legal crimes which are also called mala prohibita are crimes that consist of conduct that is not wrong based on moral perspective or those which are not inherently wrong based on morality. They become wrong in the eyes of the law which define them as crimes. They only become wrong and thus become crime because of the prohibition of the law (Moore, M. S. 1993). Examples of these crimes are illegal parking, over speeding and probably of forgetting to bring your drivers license with you when you go out of the house with your car. In these examples, we cannot in anyway draw a moral element on which we can base the unacceptability of the acts.Parking at the side of the road which has a yellow line painted along it cannot be considered as morally wrong because it anyway, the act does not harm anyone at that same point. However, it becomes illegal and therefore a crime because certain law defined it as it is. In certain instances, driving over a designated speed is a crime (legal crime) because there are existing laws that prohibits such acts (Fletcher, G. 1978). In the moral perspective, exceeding such designated speed is not morally wrong. In the same way, it is not immoral to forget or leave your drivers license at home whenever you go out and drive. It is however a crime because a specific statute prohibits anyone to drive without a license.There are certain grounds on which we can draw clear lines between natural crimes (mala in se) and legal crimes (mala prohibita). In the context of Mala en Se crimes, judges are given less discretion under the Rule of Law because such behavior is presumed to be known and understood to be evil (Hart, H. L. A. 1994). Because these crimes are based on moral standards, it would be safe to assess that these acts were defined as crimes as largely influenced by the societys religions. Killing and raping are acts a gainst a fellow human being are religious perspectives generally views these acts as immoral and are necessarily unacceptable. Therefore, a judge holding such a case does not to have the strong discretion of identifying if the act is wrong or not. It is in this context that the old maxim of judges that ignorance of the law excuses no one can be appreciated (Dworkin, G. 1994).Closely related to the analysis made by other authors, Heath (1999) sees another aspect of crimes that defines the distinction between natural and legal crimes. That element, according to Heath is the victim. In a mala en se crime such as assault the victim is the one who was assaulted, and the criminal is the perpetrator (Heath, Hari 1999). On the other hand, Heath assessed that it is the defendant who is the victim in mala prohibita crimes. Again using the examples used earlier, illegal parking and over speeding were acts that does not necessarily harm anyone but in these cases, the person who did the acts are held liable and are therefore called criminals. In this case, the person turned out to be the victim. Because of the violation, the law enforcers will cause damages or harm to the criminal by imputing legal financial liabilities at least.On the perspective of this paper, it is argued that although there is the absence of morality in mala prohibita crimes, these are justifiable based on the intention of the law to create a more orderly and peaceful society. For example, over speeding may not harm anyone at glance, but this could mayhap cause a driver to meet an accident and thus would harm him, properties and lives of others even without his intention. Illegal parking may not seem harmful to anyone at first but try to imagine if people can just park anywhere they want. Would it be a chaotic environment to cars in everyplace?Mala prohibita, for the purpose of this paper, do not at all suppress the freedom and liberty of anyone as rough people see them. Mala prohibita laws are intend ed to set boundaries to humans great possibility to exceed beyond what they ought to be. Humans have the tendency to act according to what they know is right and what benefits them the most. In certain cases, such acts are out of the consideration of the welfare of others and that is what mala prohibita laws are intended to avoid.REFERENCESDressler, J. (2001). Understanding Criminal Law (3rd ed.), New York LexisDworkin, G. (ed.) (1994). Morality, Harm and the Law. Boulder, Colorado Westview Press.Fletcher, G. (1978). Rethinking Criminal Law. Boston Little, Brown.Hart, L.A. (1994). The Concept of Law (2nd ed.). Oxford Oxford University Press.Heath, Hari (1999). Does North Idaho need more prisons? Idaho Observer, July 1999. Retrieved on January 26, 2008 from http//www.proliberty.com/observer/19990703.htmHusak, D. (1987). Philosophy of Criminal Law. Totowa, N. J. Rowman & Littlefield.Moore, M. S. (1993). Act and Crime. Oxford Oxford University Press.Norrie, A. W. (1993). Crime, Reason and History. London Weidenfeld & Nicolson.Robinson, P. H. (1997). Structure and Function in Criminal Law. Oxford Oxford University Press.Simester, A. P., & Sullivan, G. R. (2000). Criminal Law Theory and Doctrine. Oxford Hart Publishing.Crime in the United States 2005. US Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 2006. Retrieved on January 26, 2008 from http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/offenses/property_crime/arson.html

Risk Management: Trends and Developments

As while evolves organizations must continue to grow and evolve. The demographics and territories of organizations change as term evolves. As a result the attempt commission trends and developments become extremely pregnant to the long-term triumph and survivability of organizations. Risk focus trends exist at the corporate, assembly line, and project levels of organizations. At each level of the risk management process stakeholders be identified and encouraged to actively participate in the process (Merna & AL-Thani, 2008).This has a incontrovertible effect on any future challenges that may arise and helps insure that the risk mitigation of trends and developments atomic number 18 beneficial to e trulyone involved. In this assignment three new trends and developments such as technology, culture, and presidency regulations will be examined, along with their future challenges. Each trend, development, and challenge will be summarized and the pros and cons and implications of each in the business environment will be discusses as well.The use of technology and e-commerce has become widespread especially for organizations that conduct business over the internet. Many organizations have adapted to selling their products to consumers and distributors through the internet. This helps businesses grow by reaching multinational customers or customers in different territories. Online sites such as PayPal have created a faster and safer way to compensate bills online virtually at any location and at any time. This feature has allowed consumers and organizations to pay their bills in a more efficient way.More consumers have adopted e-commerce to pay for personal bills such as car payments and avail bills. The benefits of this technology perk be the efficiency and convenience of having the ability to transact anywhere, anytime, and in any way, it saves consumers time and fees. The immediate transfer of funds benefits businesses because buyers are more willin g to make purchases if the process is degenerate and easy. The downside of give(a) bills online is the auspices hazards. Businesses will not be able to protect themselves against all the security threats when creating an online payment system.Businesses should be aware of malware and other various hacking attempts that can track their keystrokes stealing usernames and passwords to access financial information. This trend could mince to challenges for risk management because of the security threats the trend poses. The challenge for risk managers would be keeping up with security threats and keeping their systems secure from hackers. Every business strives to be successful, and keeping up with the ever-changing cultural habits is an important risk management trend businesses should take into consideration while working on international projects.Globalization has increase the importance of cultural risk management, and if this trend is not taken seriously it could prove to be very costly for organizations. Cultural differences can affect many parts of an organization. One example is the difference in managerial approaches between an international and domestic management team. A proactive approach in the blood line of an international project will help mitigate the differences in managerial approaches. Networking and duologues are two principal(prenominal) issues that should be taken into consideration when deciding on an international project.Networking is a critical stage for organizations expression for international business opportunities. The process of bidding for potential projects worldwide seem to be similar, the difference is in the lead-time given to bidders in certain countries. Domestically projects are advertised openly, giving anyone interested a just opportunity to bid on the project. Projects in some international cultures are first spread by word of mouth, giving some bidders time to prepare and research their bid.This would give intern ational bidders a heads up on potential future projects and would give them adequate time to prepare before the bidding became public. Negotiations were be to have different meanings in different cultures, the styles were culture dependent. Different cultures may perceive the definition of negotiation differently so it is important to risk managers to understand the different cultures and how they perceive the term negotiation in business. Understanding cultural differences will help businesses become successful when operating internationally.On the other hand if risk managers are not aware of the cultural differences it may lead to misunderstandings and could have negative effects on the business. The U. S. government sets business regulations to hold organizations accountable for the amount of power they have they also protect employees and the environment. Businesses are expected to abide by governmental regulations and should do so to stay out of trouble. Business regulations a re different for different industries. It is important for organizations to be aware of the business regulations affecting their industry.Government regulations should always be considered when lead a business. There are regulations for state, local, and federal taxes as well as financial reporting requirements presented by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Business regulations for international organizations include an additional range of rules regulating international trade. Importers must wangle with regulations relating to import quotas, tariffs, and prohibition. Business regulations could be a challenge for businesses that do not which regulations to follow they could be set about with costly fines if they do not comply.Because of business regulations consumers can feel safe about the products they are purchasing off of store shelves. If there is a product that could be a threat, government regulators would take quick action to remove it from the marketplace. Governme nt regulations can cause disadvantages for both consumers and businesses. If businesses do not comply with government regulations they could be faced with large fines, and because of the increased cost of doing business consumers would be affected by paying higher prices.Businesses may not always be able to manage every risk they incline into but being aware of the trends and developments will help eliminate most risks. For those involved with managing risk, risk management should be used to generate new ideas and to promote good business practices. The business trends and developments discussed in this musical composition relating to technology, culture, and business regulations are just a few business trends that should not be ignored.

Is Addiction a Brain Disease? Essay

Addiction, it is all around us, affecting people from all walks of life, it is non limited to reliable social classes or lifestyles. It is found in every ethnic group, regardless of gender or age. It affects our neighbors, our friends, and our family each directly or indirectly. Although core groups such as alcohol and illegal doses atomic number 18 devil of the most third estate monstrosityions we hear well-nigh, thither is a wide range of substances and even activities such as gambling and shopping. there is some debate whether dependency is a oral sexpower complaint or a election. This contr all oversy has been way out on for years and a decision whether or non addiction is a brain sickness has yet to be reached. According to a publication Is Addiction a Brain Disease? (1998) , by two psychiatrists, Sally Satel, M.D., and Frederick K. Goodwin, M.D., both argue the virtues of thinking about addiction as a primary, though modifiable, behavioral phenomenon, rather than obviously as a brain malady.That is, addiction is a solve of a somebody, rather than simply a physical state (Satel, Goodwin, 1998, p. 3). According to a publication by the National Institution of Drug Abuse (NIDA, 2007), addiction is a continuing, relapsing infirmity characterized by set drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences as well as neurochemical and molecular changes in the brain (NIDA, 2007). For the purpose of this paper the focus will be on the substance of drugs of abuse when discussing addiction, unless before getting into the two controversial sides anformer(a) definition we potentiometer look at outside of these two opinions is taken from textbook, Psychology 10th Ed, by David G. Myers Addiction is a compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences (Myers, 113).PRO Drug Addiction is a Brain Disease.The National base of Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains that addiction is a brain disease. The initial decision to take drugs is a persons volu ntary choice. However, once a person takes that drug of abuse it whoremonger rig the acceptable area of the brain (NIDA, 2007), in which, addiction takes over the persons capability of self control, which can result in harmful actions. Thus, when a person uses drugs over a long consequence of magazine the brain structure and the way it operates changes resulting in harmful effects and actions. Addiction is tied to changes in brain structure and function, basically making it a brain disease. Further more(prenominal)(prenominal), all drugs of abuse yield common affects unmatchable way or another within the brain, which activates the pleasurable area of the brain (NIDA, 2007).Drugs of abuse reward our design actions, therefore, if the brain gets a lot of stimulation it produces pleasant feelings, which drives a person to continually use drugs over and over. NIDA also points out that from erudition research brain-imaging studies from drug-addicted individuals start out shown physical changes in areas of the brain that are critical for judgment, decision making, learning and memory, and behavior control (NIDA, 2007) which indicates that once those areas of the brain are disturbed so is a persons capability of freely choosing not to take drugs, leading to negative actions.Additionally, science research shows that these changes alter the way the brain functions, which may explain the uncontrollable and negative actions of a person. Furthermore, correspond to NIDA addiction can be treated and managed successfully since it is a chronic disease and research has shown that compounding behavioral therapy with medications is the best way to ensure success for most patients with this chronic disease indicating that it is a treatable and docile similar to other brain diseases.CON Addiction is not a Brain Disease.According to a publication retrieved from Ethics and Public Policy Center (EPPC) Is Addiction a Brain Disease? two psychiatrists, Sally Satel, M.D., an d Frederick K. Goodwin, M.D., they do not agree with NIDAs claim that addiction means compulsive drug-taking goaded by drug-induced brain changes. They believe addiction is a function of a person rather than simply a physical state and a person is in voluntary control of their decision and actions (Satel, Goodwin 3). If a person can direct the choice to take drugs then they can also make the choice to stop taking drugs, eespecial(a)ly during those times in between when they are not taking drugs. For a person to voluntarily continue taking drugs of their own accord then they should be held accountable for their addictive behavior and not use brain disease as an excuse.Further, circumstances such as sparing, health, or personal issues resulting in a persons choice to take drugs ironically can be the same reasons for them to either change their pattern, stop taking drugs, or get answer versus the unavoidable, involuntary effect of a diseased brain. Additionally, those that choose t o continue being addicted over a long period of time illustrates that by making that choice they are not helpless compared to a person who has a chronic disease. Rather than being the inevitable, involuntary product of a diseased brain, these actions represent the essence of voluntariness. The addicts behavior can be modified by existledge of the consequences. Involuntary behavior cannot (Satel, Goodwin, 1998, pg. 5). As a result of that knowledge the addicted person is in control and can take be in charge of their actions to change the cycle and make a deliberate effort to change.My PositionMy personate is optimistic on the subject Is Addiction a Brain Disease? Addiction is a primary, progressive, and chronic disease of the brain, which creates physical, emotional, and spiritual impairments. I have seen this disease affect people close to me and can further have hope that someday there will be a inter place. First hand, I have seen three families, with different cover chargegr ounds, affected by addiction. Two lost a loved one to the drug of drugs and the other is struggling along with their loved one, who is addicted, to defeat it. One mother wanted to know how this could have eliminateed to her son, how he could lose control of his life and eventually lost the battle of addiction. I do not believe that a person voluntarily WANTS to be addicted, or that they even realize what addiction in truth is prior to becoming addicted. However, I do agree with both sides that a person does voluntarily make the choice to take a drug of abuse. But have given more thought into it about why a person cant just stop taking the drug when they know it is harmful and changes their behavior.My conclusion is that addiction is ca utilise by drugs that are induced with one or more sure types of chemicals that travel through and through the brain and have an effect on the area of the brain where we feel delight and joyful feelings. Also, some people are more susceptible tha n others to becoming addicted to drugs of abuse than others because their brain reacts differently to the chemical(s) in a drug. Furthermore, addiction has signs and symptoms and a predictable progression and it is apparent that the characteristics of the disease and the approaches to treatment is not any different from other chronic brain diseases. Addiction is a brain disease since its causes are complex but its results are clear. Im in agreement with NIDA that an 6 addicting substance changes the way the brain works over a long period of time, which leads to the activities of what we get along as addiction and like most other brain diseases, addiction can be treated. Although treatment can be long and difficult and there are often relapses, it can be successful if people fuck it as such and treat it accordingly.Multicultural ApplicationAddiction affects, if not to all, most countries and cultures. According to the annual report of the UN internationalistic Narcotics Control B oard (INCB), the estimated number of drug abusers worldwide in 2009 was between 172 cardinal and 250 million people. Varying by different narcotics, the 2007 report national rates range from 0.8% to 11% general with the highest rates in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom and the lowest rates recorded in Romania, Malta, followed by Bulgaria, Greece and Sweden (INCB, 2007, pg. 98). Although we beat from different cultures, most of the world shares common diseases and since most countries are affected by addiction the share-out of awareness, knowledge, and research information between cultures could have a huge positive impact on the world. critical LiteracyNIDAs position of Yes, Addiction is a brain disease is based on their commitment of go on studies and research into drugs of abuse, addiction, backing up their argument that addiction is within the brain not the individual. Satel and Goodwoods position of No, Addiction is not a Brain Disease is based on their conclusion, accor ding to their research into others researches and their knowledge in the positions they hold as psychiatrists that addiction is an individuals choice not a disease within the brain. Both are able to support their claims by information provided through research.Civic LiteracyBesides the known fact that millions of people around the world are directly or indirectly affected by addiction, it has a huge impact on our society. Not only with the economical costs involved for health check and healthcare, there is the cost of crime as a result of consequences from addiction, departure of productivity in the workforce, and many deaths that result from complications of addiction and overdose. By being aware and informed of addiction, citizens can be supportive and helpful to those battling addiction and help prevent others from getting the disease. They can also help by being understanding and supportive to those who are addicted and encourage them get the treatment they strike to battle i t.Another way to lend a hand is citizens can get involved within their community and promote physical and social activities for all age groups. Citizens can make a struggle just by starting somewhere instead of doing nothing and thinking oh thats their problem or it will never affect me or worse it is their fault they are addicted. It is happening, it can happen to anyone directly or indirectly, and it isnt anyones fault. We need stricter laws on drug making and trafficking to help our society, otherwise we will become an addictive society. Our leaders can invest in continued and advanced scientific research for prevention and treatment.Values LiteracyClearly with as much research as there has been on this topic there is a huge interest and concern of what is happening in our society. By upholding object lesson honours we can consider others opinions with an open mind on topics such as this knowing that part we carry our own values, we must encourage those values as a society t o help competitiveness addiction and by being open to the opinions of others we can all come together to battle this disease. With NIDAs investment into research and treatment it shows they have a special interest and concern on the value of life andour society. It appears the opposing side would rather dispute the issue and disregard it as a disease, but rather the behavior of a person.Scientific LiteracyNIDA is known as being one of the largest supporters of the worlds research on drug abuse and addiction. Government funds are used for scientific research by tracking emerging drug use trends, understanding how drugs work in the brain and body, developing and testing new drug treatment and prevention approaches, and disseminating findings to the general public and special populations (NIDA, 2007). They claim that the Science of Addiction has evidence backing up their argument that addiction is a disease of the brain.Psychiatrists Satel and Goodwin, claim that based off biological studies and scientific findings there are not sufficient facts to back up NIDAs claim that addiction is a brain disease, supporting their argument that addiction is not a brain disease.ConclusionAfter completing my research, it was not a surprise to find there are differences of opinion on this topic and understandably so. This research and my experience of having observed the affects of addiction offset hand have not only driven my passion to understand addiction and the brain, but gird my position that addiction is a brain disease. By keeping an open mind allows me to learn and recognize the views of others. Addiction is a common disease we all share directly or indirectly, it is an International problem. The more people know and understand addiction the chances they will be open to looking at it differently. fellowship and understanding are two biggest parts of moving forward in taking this disease more seriously.It does no good to blame the abuser My hope is that people will look at addiction and take it more seriously if it is considered a brain disease and put more time and specie into further research to find out what is actually ca exploitation the addiction in the brain and why some people are more susceptible than others. One may lean more toward the caprice of addicts choosing to be addicts and that they have complete control over their actions however, if the addict chooses a path to moderation, they face medical complications associated with withdrawal.The physical effects of withdrawal can become severe enough to cause death and contract medical treatment, thus suggesting addiction is a form of disease. No matter what side you choose on this debate, you should expect to run across supportive evidence of the alternate side while arguing your point. It is a choice to try a substance, but it is not a choice to become addicted. Although this brain disease does not remove an addict from their responsibility for their behavior it does explain why many addicts cannot stop using drugs by strength alone.References1. Satel, S., & Goodwin, F.K. (1998). Is Drug Addiction a Brain Disease?, (9th edition). Upper Saddle River, N.J. Pearson prentice Hall. Retrieved from http//www.eppc.org/publications/bookID.19,filterID./book_detail.asp 2. National Institute of Drug Abuse. (2007). Is Drug Addiction a Disease? Unknown. Retrieved from http//www.drugabuse.gov/publications/topics-in-brief/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction3. Myers, D.G. (2011).Psychology. (10th edition). New York Worth Publishers4. International Narcotics Control Boars (2011). Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2011 Unknown. Retrieved from http//www.incb.org/incb/en/publications/annual-reports/annual-report-2011.html